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Matrix product state : ウィキペディア英語版
Matrix product state

Matrix product state (MPS) is a pure quantum state of many particles, written in the following form:
:
|\Psi\rangle = \sum_(A_2^ \cdots A_N^ ) |s_1 s_2 \ldots s_N\rangle,

where A_i^ are complex, square matrices of order \chi (this dimension is called local dimension). Indices s_i go over states in the computational basis. For qubits, it is s_i\in \. For qudits (d-level systems), it is s_i\in \.
It is particularly useful for dealing with ground states of one-dimensional quantum spin models (e.g. Heisenberg model (quantum)).
The parameter \chi is related to entanglement between particles. In particular, if the state is a product state (i.e. not entangled at all), it can be described as a matrix product state with\chi = 1.
For states that are translationally symmetric, we can choose:
:
A_1^ = A_2^ = \cdots = A_N^ \equiv A^.

In general, every state can be written in the MPS form (with \chi growing exponentially with the particle number ''N''). However, MPS are practical when \chi is small – for example, does not depend on the particle number.
Except for a small number of specific cases (some mentioned in the section Examples), such thing is not possible. Though, in many cases it serves as a good approximation.
MPS decomposition is not unique.
Introductions in.〔 and.〔 In the context of finite automata:〔
== Obtaining MPS ==

One method to obtain MPS is to use Schmidt decomposition times.

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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